2007/6/2

计算机英语基础知识 E


计算机英语基础知识 E

REFERENCES

  Two popular references on TCP/IP are:

  "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols," Richard Stevens, Addison Wesley, 1994

  "Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume 1: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture," Douglas E. Comer, Prentice Hall, 1995

  It is strongly recommended that a system administrator responsible for TCP/IP networks have at least one of these references available.


  Glossary

  Broadcast address -- An IP address with a host portion that is all ones.

  Host -- A computer or other device on a TCP/IP network.

  Internet -- The global collection of networks that are connected together and share a common range of IP addresses.

  InterNIC -- The organization responsible for administration of IP addresses on the Internet.

  IP -- The network protocol used for sending network packets over a TCP/IP network or the Internet.

  IP Address -- A unique 32-bit address for a host on a TCP/IP network or internetwork.

  Network -- There are two uses of the term network in this article. One is a group of computers on a single physical network segment; the other is an IP network address range that is allocated by a system administrator.

  Network address -- An IP address with a host portion that is all zeros.

  Octet -- An 8-bit number, 4 of which comprise a 32-bit IP address. They have a range of 00000000-11111111 that correspond to the decimal values 0- 255.

  Packet -- A unit of data passed over a TCP/IP network or wide area network.

  RFC (Request for Comment) -- A document used to define standards on the Internet.

  Router -- A device that passes network traffic between different IP networks.

  Subnet Mask -- A 32-bit number used to distinguish the network and host portions of an IP address.

  Subnet or Subnetwork -- A smaller network created by dividing a larger network into equal parts.

  TCP/IP -- Used broadly, the set of protocols, standards and utilities commonly used on the Internet and large networks.

  Wide area network (WAN) -- A large network that is a collection of smaller networks separated by routers. The Internet is an example of a very large WAN.


  参考


  TCP/IP 中的两个常用参考是:

  “TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1:The Protocols”,Richard Stevens、Addison Wesley,1994

  “Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume 1:Principles, Protocols, and Architecture”,Douglas E. Comer、Prentice Hall,1995

  极力建议负责 TCP/IP 网络的系统管理员至少使用其中一个参考。


  术语表

  广播地址 -- 主机部分全部为一的 IP 地址。

  主机 -- TCP/IP 网络中的计算机或其他设备。

  Internet -- 连接在一起并共享公共范围的 IP 地址的全球网络集合。

  InterNIC -- 负责管理 Internet 中的 IP 地址的机构。

  IP -- 用于在 TCP/IP 网络或 Internet 上发送网络数据包的网络协议。

  IP 地址 -- TCP/IP 网络或 Internet 主机的唯一 32 位地址。

  网络 -- 在本文中,“网络”一词有两种含义。一种含义是指单一物理网段上的计算机组,另一种含义是指系统管理员分配的 IP 网络地址范围。

  网络地址 -- 主机部分全部为零的 IP 地址。

  八位组 -- 一个 8 位数字,4 个八位组构成一个 32 位 IP 地址。它们的范围是 00000000-11111111,对应于十进制值 0- 255。

  数据包 -- 通过 TCP/IP 网络或广域网传输的数据单位。

  RFC(Request for Comment,征求意见文件)-- 用于定义 Internet 标准的文档。

  路由器 -- 在不同 IP 网络间传输网络通信的设备。

  子网掩码 -- 一个 32 位数字,用于区分 IP 地址的网络部分和主机部分。

  子网 -- 通过将较大的网络分成相等的部分而创建的较小网络。

  TCP/IP -- 通常在 Internet 和大型网络中广泛使用的协议、标准和实用工具的集合。

  广域网 (WAN) -- 大型网络,它是路由器分隔的较小网络的集合。例如,Internet 就是一个非常大的广域网。

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